Socrates

Socrates: Ancient Humanist

Socrates: Ancient Humanist

Socrates was one of the most influential philosophers of antiquity, so much so that the whole history of Western philosophy is divided into pre-Socraticism and what came after. In this paper I argue that Socrates anticipated a number of ideas pertinent to contemporary humanism, though of course it would be anachronistic to consider him a humanist in the modern sense of the word. Specifically, what makes Socrates a humanist senso lato are five characteristics of his thinking: his social and moral criticism, his focus on personal integrity and an ethics of virtue, his rejection of the supernatural as a source of morality, his epistemic humility and search for wisdom, and his critical thinking approach to every question. Twenty four centuries after his death, we still have much to learn from Socrates.