Ethics

The Making of a Good Skeptic: A Tribute to Philosopher Paul Kurtz

The Making of a Good Skeptic: A Tribute to Philosopher Paul Kurtz

I first heard about Dr. Paul Kurtz back in the 1990s from my then Ph.D. advisor, Michael Ruse. Michael had just published one of his books with Prometheus Books and stated how impressed he was that such a relatively obscure publishing house from 1969 had grown to produce such high quality works. Michael had also told me that many serious academics were seeking out and were intent on publishing with Prometheus. I can also remember how captivated I was when first learning about this American philosopher, Paul Kurtz, who named a publishing company after a Greek mythological Titan who stole fire from the gods to give to humans. I remember thinking then that this was a philosopher I would very much like to meet.

I owe a lot to Paul Kurtz. He opened my eyes to the nuances of humanism. And he demonstrated to me that a philosopher can be more than simply an ivory tower academic. Paul has greatly helped to change the way the world understands secular philosophy and he has paved the way for an entire movement.

Ethics as an Evolutionary Trap: A Provocation

Ethics as an Evolutionary Trap: A Provocation

The moral group is expanding. We can chart this expansion quite clearly over the past few hundred years. It has been non-linear, irregular and punctuated by some retrograde and lamentable aberrations. Nevertheless, the direction of travel is clear; while at one point the interests of a select few were elevated above all others, the moral group is now far more inclusive. Through a series of struggles, widespread acceptance of previously excluded individuals and groups has been achieved. Historically excluded groups are now firmly included in our collective moral considerations. Most recently, the moral group has expanded in such a way that non-human animals are at its margins and in some cases within its borders.

Who Was the First Man to Do What Jane Goodall Did?

Who Was the First Man to Do What Jane Goodall Did?

Jane Goodall’s work has been groundbreaking in many ways. Her approach to the study of chimpanzees could almost be described as anthropological, treating those who happen to have no grammar-based language as equals. The moral consequences of being able to successfully engage in such an endeavor are vast, calling_ into question much of what we take for granted about the nature of morality and humanist beliefs. While instinctual behavior is increasingly used for understanding human morality, Goodall’s focus has always been on the human treatment of the nonhuman world. I argue that drawing moral inferences from nonhuman to human behavior can be problematic, because humans are capable of communicating using grammar-based languages. It is a specifically human responsibility to counteract the destructiveness that our language capacity has enabled. Goodall’s approach towards taking this responsibility could be characterized as augmenting our language-based moralities with the perspectives of nonhuman and human, future and current life. While Goodall has received much credit for her observations of chimpanzees, modern culture has yet to follow her lead by adapting our beliefs about justice to make them consistent with our scientific understanding.

Dying (Every Day) With Dignity: Lessons From Stoicism

Dying (Every Day) With Dignity: Lessons From Stoicism

Stoicism is an ancient Greco-Roman practical philosophy focused on the ethics of everyday living. It is a eudaemonistic (i.e., emphasizing one’s flourishing) approach to life, as well as a type of virtue ethics (i.e., concerned with the practice of virtues as central to one’s existence). This paper summarizes the basic tenets of Stoicism and discusses how it tackles the issues of death and suicide. It presents a number of exercises that modern Stoics practice in order to prepare for death (one’s own, or those of relatives and friends). It argues that modern Stoicism is a viable personal philosophy.